How Is Spinal Trauma in Cats Treated? How to Identify and Treat Feline Spinal Trauma

Spinal trauma is a serious condition that can occur in cats as a result of a variety of causes, such as falls, car accidents, and attacks by other animals. In addition to the loss of sensation and continuous discomfort, mild to severe spinal trauma symptoms can also include paralysis. 

In this article, we will explore the causes, symptoms, and treatments for spinal trauma in cats, as well as the long-term prognosis for recovery and rehabilitation.

Causes of Spinal Trauma in Cats

Spinal trauma in cats can occur as a result of a variety of causes. Some of the most common causes include:

• Falls: Cats are known for their agility and climbing abilities, but even they can fall from high places and sustain spinal injuries.

• Car accidents: Cats that spend time outside are at risk of being hit by cars, which can result in spinal trauma.

• Physical trauma: Cats may also sustain spinal injuries from blunt force trauma, such as being hit by a heavy object or being kicked.

• Attacks by other animals: Cats that are involved in fights with other animals, such as dogs or wild predators, may suffer spinal injuries.

• Disease or degeneration: Certain diseases, such as feline intervertebral disc disease, can cause degeneration of the spine and can lead to spinal trauma.

Spinal trauma can also occur as a result of a congenital defect or an underlying medical condition. In order to ascertain the underlying reason and the best course of action for therapy, see a veterinarian if your cat has been diagnosed with spinal trauma.

Symptoms

The symptoms of spinal trauma in cats can vary depending on the severity of the injury and the location of the trauma on the spine. Some common symptoms include:

• Paralysis: Loss of movement or function in one or more limbs is a common symptom of spinal trauma.

• Loss of sensation: Cats with spinal trauma may also experience a loss of sensation in one or more limbs.

• Pain: Cats with spinal trauma may show signs of pain, such as crying out or avoiding being touched in certain areas.

• Loss of bladder or bowel control: Cats with spinal trauma may lose control of their bladder or bowel function.

• Abnormal reflexes: Cats with spinal trauma may have abnormal reflexes, such as an exaggerated reflex or no reflex at all.

• Loss of balance and coordination: Cats with spinal trauma may have trouble balancing and coordinating their movements.

• Loss of appetite and weight loss: Cats with spinal trauma may lose their appetite and lose weight due to the injury.

Not all cats will show all the symptoms, and it's crucial to take your cat to the vet as soon as possible if you suspect spinal trauma. The chances of recovery are better the earlier the diagnosis is made.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of spinal trauma in cats typically begins with a physical examination and a thorough history of the cat's symptoms and any known incidents that may have caused the trauma. Some common diagnostic tests that may be performed include:

1. X-rays: X-rays can help to identify fractures, dislocations, or other abnormalities in the spine.

2. CT (computed tomography) scan: CT scan uses x-ray technology and a computer to create detailed images of the spine. It can be helpful in identifying more complex injuries or lesions.

3. MRI (magnetic resonance imaging): A strong magnetic field and radio waves are used in MRI to produce precise pictures of the spine. It is particularly effective in detecting soft tissue lesions such as disc herniations.

4. Myelogram: A contrast dye is injected into the spinal canal during a myelogram, a specialized type of x-ray. Herniated discs or other anomalies in the spinal cord may be detected using this test.

5. Neurological examination: A veterinarian will perform a thorough neurological examination to assess the cat's reflexes, muscle tone, and overall motor function.

Based on the results of these diagnostic tests, a veterinarian will be able to make a diagnosis and develop a treatment plan for the cat's spinal trauma. Referral to a specialist can be necessary for specific circumstances.

Treatment

Treatment for spinal trauma in cats will depend on the severity and location of the injury, as well as the underlying cause of the trauma. Some common treatments include:

1. Stabilization: In cases of fractures or dislocations, the cat's spine may need to be stabilized to prevent further injury. This can be done using a neck or back brace or with the use of a cast.

2. Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be required to repair fractures and dislocations or to remove herniated disc material that is pressing on the spinal cord.

3. Medications: Cats with spinal trauma may be prescribed pain medication to help manage pain and inflammation, as well as muscle relaxers or anti-inflammatory drugs to help reduce muscle spasms.

4. Physical therapy: Cats with spinal trauma may benefit from physical therapy to help improve muscle strength, coordination, and mobility.

5. Oxygen therapy: Some cats may require additional oxygen to support the healing process, especially if they have respiratory issues caused by the injury.

6. Supportive care: Cats with spinal trauma may require special care, such as assistance with grooming and elimination, as well as help with mobility. This can include providing a comfortable crate or sleeping surface for your cat.

Discuss with a veterinarian to determine the best course of treatment for your cat's spinal trauma. In some cases, the recovery process may be long and require ongoing care, but with proper treatment and management, many cats are able to make a full recovery.

Recovery and Management

The recovery and management process for a cat with spinal trauma will depend on the severity of the injury and the specific treatment plan. Some general considerations include:

• Close monitoring: Cats with spinal trauma will need to be closely monitored for any changes in their condition, including any signs of pain or discomfort.

• Rest and confinement: Cats with spinal trauma will need to be confined to a small area to prevent further injury and to allow for proper healing. They should be provided with a comfortable, padded bed and should be kept away from any areas with stairs or other potential hazards.

• Medications: Cats with spinal trauma may be prescribed medications to manage pain, inflammation, and muscle spasms, as well as antibiotics to prevent infection.

• Physical therapy: Cats that have undergone surgery or have significant muscle weakness may benefit from physical therapy to improve muscle strength, coordination, and mobility.

• Nutrition: Cats with spinal trauma may have difficulty eating and drinking and may require assistance with feeding. They may also need a special diet that is high in protein and calories to support the healing process.

• Supportive care: Cats with spinal trauma may require help with grooming, elimination, and mobility.

• Follow-up care: Regular follow-up visits with a veterinarian are important to monitor the cat's progress and make any necessary adjustments to the treatment plan.

Work closely with a veterinarian to develop a management plan for your cat's spinal trauma, as recovery can take time, and ongoing care may be required. With proper treatment and management, many cats are able to make a full recovery. However, in some cases, chronic pain or permanent nerve damage can occur.