Image Source: Pixabay.com
Canine Parainfluenza refers to a virus that is responsible for causing kennel cough in dogs. The infection is usually contracted from other infected dogs, especially at close quarters. It’s called a kennel cough because it’s commonly found in dogs that share kennels. The condition isn’t a severe one and will clear up in a matter of days with the right kind of treatment.
Symptoms
The symptoms of canine parainfluenza can vary from dog to dog. However, there are a common set of symptoms that you can refer to. Also, there can be variations in the intensity and severity of the symptoms, especially with age.
On of the first symptoms you’ll notice is coughing, which can be described as dry or even moist, at times. There may also be some blood produced as a result of the constant and intense coughing.
Other than coughing, a low-grade fever, mucus discharge, and pus can be present. Look out for a decrease in energy and appetite as well.
Types
There is only one type of canine parainfluenza virus. However, the virus itself is a component of other infectious respiratory diseases that typically affect dogs. Apart from being part of the etiology for kennel cough or acute tracheobronchitis, the virus is often coupled with Bordetella bronchiseptica Canine adenovirus-2 (CAV-2)
Causes
The pathogen is viral in nature and is communicated through interaction with other infected hosts. As stated earlier, it receives its name due to the fact that the condition is common among dogs that share kennels, especially at shelters and canine race tracks.
Puppies and elderly dogs are at most risk due to their weaker immune systems. The infection can be transmitted via air 2 weeks after the infected host has healed.
Toy breeds and puppies can end up with complications, such as pneumonia, as a result of the thick secretions produced in the throat.
Treatment
If you suspect that your dog has contracted the canine parainfluenza virus, the first thing you need to do is take your dog to the vet. Though it might be a moderately-risky condition, there is no need to assume that immediate medical attention isn’t required.
Your vet will diagnose your dog to determine whether or not it is canine parainfluenza. If the diagnosis is positive, your vet will prescribe some medication (antibiotics) to get rid of the infection. To ease the symptoms, he/she will suggest steam inhalation or a warm shower. This will help reduce much of the discomfort.
The infected dog should be kept away from other animals and should not be exposed to any irritants. As for prevention, there is a canine parainfluenza vaccine. If your dog isn’t infected already, get the vaccination done immediately.
Is canine parainfluenza the same as kennel cough?
Canine parainfluenza and kennel cough are related but not the same. Canine parainfluenza is a highly contagious viral respiratory disease caused by the parainfluenza virus. It is one of the several viruses that can contribute to kennel cough, a common term used to describe a complex of respiratory infections in dogs. The illness kennel cough, sometimes called infectious tracheobronchitis, is characterized by a chronic cough. It is usually caused by a combination of infectious agents, including the parainfluenza virus, as well as bacteria like Bordetella bronchiseptica and other viruses, such as canine adenovirus and canine distemper virus. While canine parainfluenza is one of the pathogens involved in kennel cough, it is not the sole cause. Kennel cough, as the name suggests, is frequently spread in settings where dogs are in close contact to one another, such as kennels, dog parks, or shelters.
What is canine parainfluenza caused by?
The parainfluenza virus causes canine parainfluenza, a member of the Paramyxoviridae family. It is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus that primarily affects dogs. The parainfluenza virus is classified into different types, with type 2 being the most commonly associated with respiratory infections in dogs. The virus is extremely infectious and may be contracted through direct contact with sick canines as well as respiratory secretions like coughing and sneezing. It can survive in the environment for a short period, making it easily transmissible in places where dogs gather, such as kennels, dog parks, or training facilities. Puppies and dogs with weakened immune systems are particularly susceptible to infection. When the parainfluenza virus enters a dog's respiratory system, it mostly affects the lining of the upper respiratory tract, including the nasal passages, trachea, and bronchi. It attaches to the cells lining these structures, enters them, and starts replicating, leading to inflammation and damage. This process can result in the characteristic symptoms associated with canine parainfluenza.
What are the clinical signs of canine parainfluenza?
The most typical symptom is a protracted, dry, hacking cough that is sometimes referred to as a "honking" cough. The cough may worsen with excitement, exercise, or pressure on the trachea. The coughing could occasionally be accompanied by gagging or retching. Dogs with canine parainfluenza may also exhibit sneezing, nasal discharge that can range from clear to thick and colored, and mild to moderate fever. Other signs can include decreased appetite, lethargy, and in severe cases, difficulty breathing or rapid breathing. It's important to note that while canine parainfluenza can cause respiratory symptoms, it is often part of a complex of infections known as kennel cough, where other pathogens like Bordetella bronchiseptica and other viruses may also be involved.
How is parainfluenza diagnosed in dogs?
Usually, a clinical assessment, medical history, and laboratory testing are used to diagnose parainfluenza in dogs. The dog will first have a comprehensive medical examination by the doctor, who will pay careful attention to the respiratory system and any accompanying symptoms. They will inquire about the dog's vaccination history, recent exposure to other dogs or high-risk environments, and the duration and progression of symptoms. Laboratory tests can aid in confirming the presence of the parainfluenza virus or ruling out other potential causes. The most frequent diagnostic method is polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, which detects the virus's genetic material in respiratory secretions such as nasal swabs or tracheal wash samples. The parainfluenza virus can be detected through PCR testing since it is both sensitive and highly specific. The veterinarian may occasionally advise extra exams to evaluate the dog's general health and rule out any coexisting infections or problems. These tests may include a complete blood count (CBC), blood chemistry panel, and radiographs (X-rays) of the chest to evaluate the respiratory system.
What is the cure for parainfluenza?
There is no specific cure for canine parainfluenza since it is a viral infection. However, treatment focuses on managing the symptoms, preventing complications, and supporting the dog's immune system. Most cases of parainfluenza resolve on their own with time and supportive care. The veterinarian may prescribe medications to alleviate symptoms, such as cough suppressants to reduce the frequency and intensity of coughing. Antibiotics are not effective against viral infections like parainfluenza but may be prescribed if there is a secondary bacterial infection. Anti-inflammatory drugs can ease pain by reducing respiratory tract irritation. Rest and isolation are crucial for infected dogs to prevent the spread of the virus and allow them to recover. Keeping the dog in a calm and stress-free environment can help minimize coughing episodes. Adequate hydration is also important, so encouraging the dog to drink water or providing fluids if necessary is beneficial.
